In assessing breathing, a lifeguard determines whether it is adequate or inadequate based on which criteria?

Determining whether breathing is adequate or inadequate hinges on evaluating the respiratory effort. This involves observing how effectively a person is breathing, which includes looking for signs of distress, the regularity of breaths, and the volume of air moved during inhalation and exhalation. Adequate breathing typically demonstrates a normal rate and depth, consistent rhythm, and no signs of struggle or fatigue. Conversely, inadequate breathing may exhibit rapid, shallow breaths or labored breathing, indicating potential respiratory failure or distress.

Other criteria, such as pulse rate, skin color, and position of the victim, can provide important information about a person's overall condition but do not directly assess the quality and adequacy of breathing. Pulse rate can indicate whether there is adequate circulation, while skin color can signal oxygenation levels in the body. The position of the victim may provide comfort or ease of breathing but does not necessarily reflect the adequacy of the respiratory process itself. Therefore, evaluating respiratory effort is the key criterion for assessing the adequacy of breathing in a lifeguard situation.